M-CSF is essential for many macrophage-related functions, and vital for differentiation of iPSCs into macrophages. By generating these cells ex vivo, the challenges of obtaining patient-derived macrophages can be overcome, and studies can be carried out to gauge how macrophages are involved in the immune response. Through this research, iPSC-derived macrophages could lead to future clinical applications in immune suppression, wound healing, and tissue regeneration, particularly for degenerative hepatic diseases.